Micromorphology and anatomy in systematics of Asteraceae. An old-fashioned approach?

Pedja Janaćković, Alfonso Susanna, Petar D. Marin

Abstract


The comparative study of plant morphology, intertwined with anatomy, has always been the basis for plant systematics, which strives to explain diversity, evolution and phylogeny of plants. In the molecular era, some authors diminish importance of morphology and especially anatomy in systematic and phylogenetic studies of plants. However, are molecular data exclusively a primary and self-sufficient approach in taxonomic research of plants? This review paper addresses this issue through specific examples. Studies of some Asteraceae taxa showed that morphological, micromorphological and anatomical data are extremely important in systematics. New opportunities for systematic morphology, micromorphology and anatomy in case of Asteraceae taxonomy, but certainly also in other plant groups, that were not present in the premolecular era, are opening regarding synergistic multidisciplinary taxonomic, evolutionary and phylogenetic studies that combine molecular with morphological, anatomical and other analyses (e.g. chemophenetics), keeping in the throne these "old fashioned" approaches.


Keywords


morphology; taxonomy; characters; synergy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abid, R., Ali, N. 2010: Cypsela morphology and its taxonomic significance for the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42: 117–133.

Abid, R. D., Qaiser, M. 2009: Taxonomic significance of the cypsela morphology in the tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) from Pakistan and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41: 555–579.

Adedeji, O., Jewoola, O. A. 2008: Importance of leaf epidermal characters in the Asteraceae family. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 36:7–16

Bak, F. E., Ozcan, M. 2018: Pollen morphology of endemic NE Anatolian Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 50 (3): 1181–1185.

Barthlott, W. 1984: Microstructural features of seed surfaces. In: Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M. (eds.), Current concepts in plant taxonomy. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp. 95–105.

Batista, M. F., De Souza, L. A. 2017:. Flower structure in ten Asteraceae species: considerations about the importance of morpho-anatomical features at species and tribal level. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 40(1): 265–279.

Bentham, G. 1873: Notes on the classification, history, and geographical distribution of Compositae. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 13(70-72): 335–577.

Blanca, C. C., Guardia, C. D. 1997: Fruit morphology in Tragopogon L (Compositae: Lactuceae) from the Iberian Peninsula. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 125: 319–329.

Bombo, A. B., Filartiga, A. L., Appezzato-da-Glória, B. 2016: Solving taxonomic problems within the Aldama genus based on anatomical characters. Australian Journal of Botany, 64(6): 501–512.

Bremer, K. 1987: Tribal interrelationships of the Asteraceae. Cladistics 3: 210–253.

Bremer, K. 1994: Asteraceae. Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland.

Bruhl, J. J., Quinn, C. J. 1990:. Cypsela anatomy in the ‘Cotuleae’ (Asteraceae–Anthemideae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 102(1): 37–59.

Carlquist, S. 1966: Wood anatomy of Anthemideae, Ambrosieae, Calenduleae and Articotideae (Compositae). Aliso, 6:1–23

Cassini, A. H. G. 1819: Suite du sixième mémoire sur la famille des Synanthérées, contenant les caractères des tribus. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d‘Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, 88: 196–198.

Cassini, H. 1821. Hélianthées [with discussion of tribes]. In: Cuvier, F. (ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, ed. 2, vol. 20. Le Normant, Paris. pp. 354–385

Col, A. 1889-1901:. Quelques recherches sur l’appareil sécréteur des Composées. Journal de Botanique (Morot), 17: 252–318, 18: 110–133, 153–175. Columbia University Press, New York.

Cronquist, A. 1955:. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Compositae. American Midland Naturalist, 478–511.

Dittrich, M. 1977. Cynareae – systematic review. In: Heywood, V.H., Harborne, J.B., Turner, B.L. (eds.), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae 2. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, pp. 999–1015.

Dittrich, M. 1985. Morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen an Blüten und Früchten der Gattung Carlina (Compositae). Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 107: 591–609.

Dormer, K. J. 1962: The fibrous layer in the anthers of Compositae. The New Phytologist, 61(2): 150–153.

Endress, P. K., Baas, P., Gregory, M. 2000: Systematic plant morphology and anatomy ‐ 50 years of progress. Taxon, 49(3): 401–434.

Enke, N., Gemeinholzer, B., Zidorn, C. 2012: Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 12(1): 1–16.

Erbar, C., Leins, P. 2015: Cuticular patterns on stylar hairs in Asteraceae: a new micromorphological feature. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 176(3): 269–284.

Garg, S. K., Sharma, K. C. 2007: Taxonomical significance of the micromorphological and scanning electron microscopic surface patterns of cypselas in some members of the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Feddes Repertorium, 118: 165–191.

Gavrilović, M., Erić, S., Marin, P. D., Garcia-Jacas, N., Susanna, A., Janaćković, P. 2017: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometric analysis reveals for the first time weddellite and sylvite crystals on the surface of involucral bracts and petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) species. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 23(3): 679–686.

Gavrilović, M., Tešević, V., Đorđević, I. S., Rajčević, N., Bakhia, A., Jacas, N. G., Susanna, A., Janaćković, P. T. 2018a: Leaf micromorphology, antioxidative activity and a new record of 3-deoxyamphoricarpolide of relict and limestone endemic Amphoricarpos elegans Albov (Compositae) from Georgia. Archives of Biological Sciences, 70(4): 613–620.

Gavrilović, M., de Oliveira, A. F. M., Barbosa, M. O., Garcia-Jacas, N., Susanna, A., Marin, P. D., Janaćković, P. 2018b: Micromorphology and fatty acid composition of the cypselae of Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm.(Asteraceae, Cardueae). Botanica Serbica, 42 (2): 241–250.

Gavrilović, M., Rančić, D., Škundrić, T., Dajić-Stevanović, Z., Marin, P., Garcia-Jacas, N., Susanna, A., Janaćković, P. 2019a: Anatomical characteristics of Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) species: taxonomical insights and evolution of life form. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51: 1007–1019.

Gavrilović, M., Jacas, N. G., Susanna, A., Marin, P. D., & Janaćković, P. 2019b: How does micromorphology reflect taxonomy within the Xeranthemum group (Cardueae-Asteraceae)?. Flora, 252, 51–61.

Geng, S. L., An, Z. X., Tian, Y. W. 1994: The studies of fruit anatomy and systematic classification of tribe Senecioneae in Xinjiang. Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences, 17: 9–17.

Ginko, E., Dobeš, C., Saukel, J. 2016: Suitability of root and rhizome anatomy for taxonomic classification and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in the tribes Cardueae and Cichorieae (Asteraceae). Scientia Pharmaceutica, 84: 585–602.

Glynis, V. C. 1993. The anatomy of the cypselae of species of Cineraria L (Asteraceae–Senecioneae) and its taxonomic signif-icance. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 112: 319–334.

Häffner, E., 2000. On the phylogeny of the subtribe Carduinae (tribe Cardueae, Compositae). Englera, 21: 1–208.

Hayat, M. Q., Ashraf, M., Khan, M. A., Yasmin, G., Shaheen, N., Jabeen, S. 2009: Diversity of foliar trichomes and their systematic implications in the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11: 542–546.

Hoffmann O. 1890-1894: Compositae. In: Engler, A., Prantle, K. (eds.), Dienatürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Engelmann, Leipzig 4(5): 87–387.

Hussein, H. A., Eldemerdash, M. M. 2016: Comparative morphology and surface microsculpture of cypsela in some taxa of the Asteraceae and their taxonomic significance. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 56: 409–422.

Inceer, H., Bal, M., Ceter, T., Pinar, N.M. 2012: Fruit structure of 12 Turkish endemic Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) taxa and its taxonomic implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 298: 845–855.

Janaćković, P., Gavrilović, M., Rančić, D., Dajić-Stevanović, Z., Giweli, A. A., Marin, P. D. 2019: Comparative anatomical investigation of five Artemisia L. (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) species in view of taxonomy. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 42(1): 135–147.

Jeffrey, C., Chen, Y. L. 1984: Taxonomic studies on the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. Kew Bulletin, 39: 205–446.

Karanović, D., Luković, J., Zorić, L., Anačkov, G., Boža, P. 2015: Taxonomic status of Aster, Galatella and Tripolium (Asteraceae) in view of anatomical and micro-morphological evidence. Nordic Journal of Botany, 33: 484–497.

Karanović, D., Zorić, L., Zlatković, B., Boža, P., & Luković, J. 2016: Carpological and receptacular morpho-anatomical characters of Inula, Dittrichia, Limbarda and Pulicaria species (Compositae, Inuleae): Taxonomic implications. Flora, 219, 48–61.

Karis, P.O., Funk, V., McKenzie, R.J., Barker, N.P., Chan, R. 2009: Arctotideae. In: Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 385–411.

Kilian, N., Gemeinholzer, B., Walter Lack, H. 2009: Cichorieae In: Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 343–383.

Kulkarni, S. V. 2013: SEM studies of achenes in some taxa of Asteraceae. International Journal of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, 4: 87–97.

Lack, H.W. 2007: Cichorieae. In :Kadereit, J.W., Jeffrey, C. (eds.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 8, Flowering Plants, Eudicots. Asterales. Springer, Berlin. pp. 180–199.

Lavialle, P. 1912: Recherches sur le développement de l'ovaire en fruit chez les Composées. Masson.

Lessing, C. F. 1832: Synopsis generum Compositarum. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin.

Liu, Y., Yang, Q. E. 2011: Floral micromorphology and its systematic implications in the genus Sinosenecio (Senecioneae-Asteraceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 291(3-4): 243–256.

Makbul, S., Güler, N. S., Durmuş, N., Güven, S. 2011: Changes in anatomical and physiological parameters of soybean under drought stress. Turkish Journal of Botany, 35(4): 369–377.

Mandel, J. R., Dikow, R. B., Siniscalchi, C. M., Thapa, R., Watson, L. E., Funk, V. A. 2019: A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (28) 14083–14088.

Metcalfe, C. R., Chalk, L. 1957: Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Metcalfe, C. R., Chalk, L. 1979: Anatomy of dicotyledons: systematic anatomy of the leaf and stem, with a brief history of the subject, vol 1. Claredon Press, Oxford.

Mukherjee, S. K., Nordenstam, B. 2010: Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the cypselar walls in some members of the Compositae and their taxonomic significance. Compositae Newsletter, 48: 63–88.

Mukherjee, S. K., Nordenstam, B. 2004: Diversity of carpopodial structure in the Asteraceae and its taxonomic significance. Compositae Newsletter, 41: 29–50.

Nordenstam, B. (1994). Tribe Calenduleae. Asteraceae. Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, 365-376.

Nordenstam, B. 2007: Tribe Calenduleae Cass. (1819). In: Kadereit, J. W., Jeffrey, C. (eds), The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 241–245.

Nordenstam, B., Pelser, P.B., Kadereit, J.W., Watson, L.E. 2009: Senecioneae. In: Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 503–525.

Ozcan, M., Akinci, N. 2019: Micromorpho-anatomical fruit characteristics and pappus features of representative Cardueae (Asteraceae) taxa: their systematic significance. Flora, 256: 16–35.

Pandey, A. K., Kumari, A. 2007: Anatomical patterns of pericarp in Asteraceae. In: Chauhan, S. V. S., Rana, A., Chauhan, S. (eds), Plant Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology. Aavishkar Publisher, Jaipur, pp. 64–77.

Petit, D. P. 1997: Generic interrelationships of the Cardueae (Compositae): a cladistic analysis of morphological data. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 207: 173–203.

Rao, R. R., Dutt, B. 1996: Diversity and phytogeography of Indian Compositae. In: Hind, D. J. N., Beentje, H. J. (eds.), Compositae: Systematics. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference 1, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. pp. 445–461.

Robinson, H. 1977: An analysis of the characters and relationships of the tribes Eupatorieae and Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Systematic Botany, 2(3): 199–208.

Robinson, H. 2009: An introduction to micro-characters of Compositae. In: Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 89–100.

Robinson, H. 1999: Two new subtribes Stokesiinae and Pacourininae, of the Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112: 216–219.

Roth, I. 1977: Fruits of Angiosperms. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.

Scatena, V. L., Giulietti, A. M., Borba, E. L., Van den Berg, C. 2005: Anatomy of Brazilian Eriocaulaceae: correlation with taxonomy and habitat using multivariate analyses. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 253: 1–22.

Schönberger, I. 2002: Biosystematics and taxonomy of the Ozothamnus leptophyllus (Compositae) complex in New Zealand. Doctorate. University of Canterbury.

Silva, T. D., Marzinek, J., Hattori, E. K., Nakajima, J. N., De-Paula, O. C. 2017: Comparative cypsela morphology in Disynaphiinae and implications for their systematics and evolution (Eupatorieae: Asteraceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 186(1): 89–107.

Singh, R. P., Pandey, A. K. 1984: Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae - Cynareae. Phytomorphology, 34: 1–10.

Smith, R. I. L., Richardson, M. 2011: Fuegian plants in Antarctica: natural or anthropogenically assisted immigrants? Biological Invasions, 13(1): 1–5.

Sosa, M. M., Via do Pico, G. M., Dematteis, M. 2014: Comparative anatomy of leaves and stems in some species of the South American genus Chrysolaena (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) and taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany, 32: 611–619.

Stebbins, G. L. 1953: A new classification of the tribe Cichorieae, family Compositae. Madroño, 12(3): 65–81.

Stuessy, T. F. 1990: Plant taxonomy: The systematic evaluation of comparative data.

Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N. 2009: Cardueae (Carduoideae), In: Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 293–313.

Tournefort, J.P. 1694: Élemens de Botanique. 3 vols. Imprimeric Royale, Paris.

Vaillant, S. 1719: Establishment de nouveau caracteres de triosfamillesou classes de plantes a fleur composes: scavoir, des Cynarocephales, des Corymbiferes, et des Cichoracees. Histoire de l’ Academie Royale des Sciences avec les Memoires de Mathematique&des Physique (Paris 4) 1718: 143–191.

Wang, Y. J., von Raab-Straube, E., Susanna, A., Liu, J. Q. 2013: Shangwua (Compositae), a new genus from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas. Taxon, 62(5): 984–996.

Zarembo, E.V., Boyko, E.V. 2008: Carpology of some east Asian Cardueae (Asteraceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 65: 129–134.

Zhu, S.X., Qin, H.N., Shih, C. 2006: Achene wall anatomy and surface sculpturing of Lactuca L. and related genera (Compositae: Lactuceae) with notes on their systematic significance. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48: 390–399.

Zidorn, C. 2019: Plant chemophenetics − a new term for plant chemosystematics/plant chemotaxonomy in the macro-molecular era. Phytochemistry, 163: 147–148.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.