Essential oil analysis of Dracocephalum moldavica L. from Serbia
Abstract
Dracocephalum moldavica L., also called Moldavian balm or Moldavian dragonhead, is native to temperate climate of Asia, but it was naturalized in Eastern and Central Europe, North Africa, China and north-eastern United States. This is an annual plant, with numerous stems (up to 6), 22-45 cm high, and blue flowers arranged in pseudo-whorls growing in leaf axils. Essential oil accumulates in exogenous oil-containing cells at the dorsal sides of the leaves, and in the inflorescence. Because of this, the entire plant has a citrus-like flavor, resembling that of lemon balm and catnip. This plant is extensively used as a spice and for composition of tea blends, in food aromatization (canned fish, jams, candies, syrups), perfumery, alcohol industry, soaps and detergents. D. moldavica from Serbia contains geranial (29.6%), geranyl acetate (27.2%) and neral (19.4%) as the most abundant compounds. Further investigations will be focused on the influence of weather conditions on essential oil composition, as well as on bioactive potential of this essential oil.
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