Time- and dose-dependent effects of methyl jasmonate on key flavonoid pathway genes in Gentiana root cultures
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the expression of key flavonoid biosynthetic genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) in root cultures of Gentiana lutea and Gentiana boissieri. Gene expression was assessed via RT-PCR on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 following MJ treatment at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. In G. lutea, CHS expression was markedly upregulated by 0.5 mM MJ on days 4 and 10, while the activity of DFR gene surged 25.46-fold at 0.1 mM MJ on day 8. The expression level of F3H exhibited a striking 33.20-fold increase at 0.1 mM MJ on day 2, though it declined at higher concentrations. In G. boissieri, gene expression levels of CHS peaked later, with the highest levels observed at 0.5 mM MJ on day 8 and 1.0 mM MJ on day 10. DFR activity reached a maximum 17.11-fold increase at 1 mM MJ on day 8, while F3H expression was highest at 1.0 mM MJ on day 10 and 0.5 mM MJ on day 4. These findings showed that MJ modulates flavonoid biosynthesis gene expression levels in Gentiana root cultures in a time-, dose-, and species-specific manner, providing valuable insights for manipulating secondary metabolite production through elicitor-based strategies.
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